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In an ideal world, electronic circuits would process signals perfectly.
In real life, circuits introduce errors in the output called DISTORTION.
Well designed circuits minimise distortion.
Clipping, Limiting or Saturation
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Amplifiers can not produce an output voltage greater than the power supply voltage.
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When this happens, the top and/or bottom of the waves is clipped off and the output signal is damaged.
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Bad audio quality at high volume is one example.
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In the diagram, the black wave is the ideal output. The red and blue show the clipped output.
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The left image is an oscilloscope X/Y plot. The right hand image is a normal oscilloscope display with time on the X Axis.

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