Basics Equations

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GCSE Basic Electronics

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GCSE

Resistor colour codes

Black	Brown	Red	Orange	Yellow	Green	Blue	Violet	Grey	White
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9

Fourth Stripe Tolerance +/- Gold = 5% Silver = 10%

E24: 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 43, 47, 51, 56, 62, 68, 75, 82, 91

Equations: These are shown on one line with brackets, as you'd enter them into a calculator.

E24: 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 43, 47, 51, 56, 62, 68, 75, 82, 91

T	G	M	k	m	µ	n	p
x10¹²	x10⁹	x10⁶	x10³	x10^-3	x10^-6	x10^-9	x10^-12

Equations: These are shown on one line with brackets, as you'd enter them into a calculator.

E24: 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 43, 47, 51, 56, 62, 68, 75, 82, 91

T	G	M	k	m	µ	n	p
x10¹²	x10⁹	x10⁶	x10³	x10^-3	x10^-6	x10^-9	x10^-12

Equations: These are shown on one line with brackets, as you'd enter them into a calculator.

C = Q / V	I_C = h_FE I_B
C = 1 / ( 1 / C₁ + 1 / C₂ )	I_D = g_M V_GS
C = C₁ C₂ / ( C₁ + C₂ )	P = I_D² r_DSon
C = C₁ + C₂	A + A . B = A + B
V_RMS = V₀ / √2	A . B + A = (B + 1) = A
I_RMS = I₀ / √2
G = V_OUT / V_IN	f₀ = 1 / ( 2 π √ (L C) )
G = 1 + R_F / R₁	R_D = L / ( r_L C )
G = - R_F / R_IN	Q = f₀ / bandwidth = 2 π f₀ L / r_L
V_OUT = - R_F ( V₁ / R₁ + V₂ / R₂ + ....)	N_CH = available bandwidth / channel bandwidth
V_OUT = V_S if V₊ > V_-	maximum data rate = 2 x available bandwidth
V_OUT = - V_S if V₊ < V_-	G_dB = 10 log₁₀ ( P_OUT / P_IN )
V_OUT = V_IN	SNR_dB = 10 log₁₀ ( P_S / P_N ) = 20 log₁₀ ( V_S / V_N )
slew rate = Δ V_OUT / Δ t	m = 100 ( V_MAX - V_MIN ) / ( V_MAX + V_MIN ) %
slew rate = 2 π f V_p	β = Δf_C / f₁
resolution = input voltage range / 2ⁿ	Bandwidth = 2 ( Δ f₀ + f₁ ) = 2 ( 1 + β ) f₁
X_C = 1 / ( 2 π f C )	c = f λ
XL = 2 π f L	V_OUT = V_DIFF ( R_F / R₁ )
Z = √ ( R² + X² )
T = R C	V_r = I / ( f_r C )
V_C = V₀ ( 1 - e ^{- t / R C} )	V_L ≈ V_Z ( 1 + R_F / R₁ )
V_C = V₀e ^{- t / RC}	φ = tan^-1 ( R / X_C )
t = - R C ln ( 1 - V_C / V₀ )	f_b = 1 / ( 2 π R C )
t = - R C ln ( V_C / V₀ )	V_OUT = V_IN - 0.7
f ≈ 1 / ( R C )	V_OUT = V_IN - 3
f = 1 / T	P_MAX = V_S² / ( 8 R_L )
T = 1.1 R C
t_H = 0.7 ( R₁ + R₂ ) C
t_L = 0.7 R₂ C
f = 1.44 / ( (R₁ + 2 R₂ ) C )
T_ON / T_OFF = ( R₁ + R₂ ) / R₂

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