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Input: Electric current.
Output: Light and waste heat.
These are common bulb circuit diagram symbols. The one with the cross is the British standard symbol.
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A bulb is an output transducer that converts electrical energy into light and unwanted waste heat.
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The current flowing in a thin tungsten filament causes it to become white hot.
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The bulb resistance increases as it heats up.
Bulb LED Comparison
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Bulbs are not very energy efficient
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Bulbs are not very reliable
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LEDs are far more efficient
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LEDs are far more reliable
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LEDs are much more expensive (last updated in 2015) but getting cheaper.
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TOTAL RUNNING COST - LEDs work out cheaper after a few years.
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A large department store might save thousands of pounds on their power bill after switching to LED spot lights.
Bulbs are used for ...
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Illuminating dark areas
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Signalling e.g. traffic lights, railway signals, brake lights, indicator lights, many more ...
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